Between the summer of 1920 and the spring of 1921, several communist groups had been established in China in Shanghai, Beijing, Wuhan, Changsha, Jinan, and Guangzhou, and in Japan and Europe by Chinese overseas students.

This picture shows Zhou Enlai (middle) with fellow Chinese students in Tokyo, Japan in 1917. [Photo/ General Review of the Communist Party of China]

The picture shows the first Chinese students who would work and study in France departing from Shanghai in March 1919. [Photo/Exhibition Road to Rejuvenation at the National Museum of China]