France

? The Constitution of France emphasizes that France shall be an indivisible republic, and no section of the people nor any individual may arrogate to itself, or to himself/herself, the exercise of national sovereignty.

? Section IV of the French Criminal Code lists various crimes against the nation, the country and peace and corresponding penalties, including offenses against the institutions of the republic or the integrity of the national territory, crimes against public peace, treason and espionage, etc.

? The Constitution of France stipulates that political parties and groups shall contribute to the exercise of suffrage, they shall be formed and carry on their activities freely, and they shall respect the principles of national sovereignty and democracy.

? France has set up a special election supervisory organ to perform the monitoring function. At the central level, there is a national supervisory committee set up by the Ministry of the Interior, which is responsible for supervising the national election process and the observance of the basic election principles in the election campaign.